Intelligent Transportation System for Smart-Cities using Fuzzy Logic

According to United Nations population statistics 2017, the world population is 7.6 billion and is growing rapidily alomost 11 billion by end of 21 century with a 70% chance of continued growth, this rapid increasing population have created low standards of living in cities. Smart Cities are facing pressures associated with due innovations and globalization to improve their citizens life. Computational intelligence is the study of adaptive mechanism to facilitate intelligent behavior in changing and complex environments. Traffic congestion and monitoring has become one of the critical issues in big cities. The adaptive mechanism of computational intelligence in changing the behavior of complex environments of smart city is very effective. The developing framework and services for smart-city requires sound infrastructure, latest current technology adoption. A framework model with the integration of cloud-data, social network (SN) services that is collecting stream data with smart sensors in the context of smart cities is proposed. The adaptive mechanism of computational intelligence in changing thebehavior of complex environments of smart city is very effective. A radical framework that enables the analysis of big-data sets stemming from Social Networking (SN) sites. Smart cities understanding is a broad concept only city transportation sector is focused in this article. Fuzzy logic modeling techniques are used in many fields i.e. medical, engineering. business and computing related problems. To solve various traffic management issues in cities a detailed analysis of fuzzy logic system is proposed. This paper presents an analysis of the results achieved using Fuzzy Logic System (FLS) for smart cities. The results are verified using MATLAB Simulation

Efficiency of Silver Nanoparticles in third Generation Solar Cells

Immense energy is required for the production of first generation solar cells and they also tend to be rigid. There are lower efficiencies of the second generation solar cells than the first generation solar cells. On the other hand, the durability and efficiency of the third generation solar cells is more than the first generation solart cells. Moreover, the third generation solar cells are not available commercially and this area of solar cells requires more research and development. The current research works makes use of silver nanoparticles to enhance the efficiency of third generation solar cells. Silver nanoparticles were first made and then the solar cells were fabricated. Titanium and platinum electrodes were used. The titanium electrode was immersed in the silver nanocluster solution for 12 hours after which the electrodes were then clipped together. Solar simulator was used in the research work for testing the efficiency of the solar cells. The efficiency was calculated to be 3.46%. The results of the research work suggest that silver nanoparticles can essentially enhance the efficiency of third generation solar cells

WHY DO CUSTOMERS PATRONIZE ISLAMIC BANKING IN MALAKAND DIVISION, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA

Banks plays a vital role in the socio-economic development of a country. Like in other parts of the world, Pakistan has dual banking environment with intense competition. Knowing the key triggers of patronage factors is utmost important. The aim of the study is to identify the key factors contributing towards Islamic banking patronage factors in Malakand division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. 280 customers of full-fledged Islamic banking or conventional banking with Islamic window were selected for the study. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaire designed based on the previous studies. Five pints likert scale range from very important to not important was used. Descriptive statistics and Friedman’s test were used to identify the factors associated with Islamic bank selection and their degree of importance. The results of the study revealed both religious and non-religious factors are considered by customers before opting for Islamic banking. Among the variable religiosity was most important predictor of Islamic banking, followed by friendly and cooperative staff, shariah compliant products, ATM facilities and referral by friends and family. However, banking hours cost of financing and return on investment were given less preference by customers.Results of the study are expected to benefit the bank officials at large as most of the population lives in rural areas of Pakistan. According to Pakistan bureau of statistics, 67% of population of Pakistan consists of rural while, in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 83.1% accounts for rural population. Furthermore, the government authorities could also get more fruitful results by focusing on the factors identified in the study before devising any strategies for rural areas.Key Words: Riba, Islamic Banking, Religiosity, Shariah Compliance, Patronage, Non-Religious Factor

WHY DO CUSTOMERS PATRONIZE ISLAMIC BANKING IN MALAKAND DIVISION, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA

Banks plays a vital role in the socio-economic development of a country. Like in other parts of the world, Pakistan has dual banking environment with intense competition. Knowing the key triggers of patronage factors is utmost important. The aim of the study is to identify the key factors contributing towards Islamic banking patronage factors in Malakand division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. 280 customers of full-fledged Islamic banking or conventional banking with Islamic window were selected for the study. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaire designed based on the previous studies. Five pints likert scale range from very important to not important was used. Descriptive statistics and Friedman’s test were used to identify the factors associated with Islamic bank selection and their degree of importance. The results of the study revealed both religious and non-religious factors are considered by customers before opting for Islamic banking. Among the variable religiosity was most important predictor of Islamic banking, followed by friendly and cooperative staff, shariah compliant products, ATM facilities and referral by friends and family. However, banking hours cost of financing and return on investment were given less preference by customers.Results of the study are expected to benefit the bank officials at large as most of the population lives in rural areas of Pakistan. According to Pakistan bureau of statistics, 67% of population of Pakistan consists of rural while, in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 83.1% accounts for rural population. Furthermore, the government authorities could also get more fruitful results by focusing on the factors identified in the study before devising any strategies for rural areas.Key Words: Riba, Islamic Banking, Religiosity, Shariah Compliance, Patronage, Non-Religious Factor

INJURIES OF SUBCLAVIAN & AXILLARY VESSELS AND THEIR SURGICAL MANAGEMENT

Objective: The complicated operational coverage to severe injuries needed for the conventional method of surgeries associate with the high rate of mortality & morbidity. We demonstrated our outcomes with respect to the conventional way of surgeries following the axillosubclavian injuries. Methodology: The surgery of twenty-nine patients suffering from axillosubclavian injuries carried out at the emergency department of Lahore General Hospital from December 2014 to April 2019. The methods of treatment and detection of disease, related injury of organ, rates of morbidity and mortality in the patients were under evaluation. Results: The reason of the injuries were wounds because of stab in 37.90% (n: 11) patients, wounds of gun firing in 31.0% (n: 9) patients, iatrogenic injuries were available in 17.20% (n: 5) patients & blunt trauma was present in 13.70% (n: 4) patients. Total 8 (27.50%) patients found with separated injuries of arteries while 72.40% (n: 21) found with injuries of coexisting organs as veins, bones, nerves and soft tissues. The main important surgical procedures were primary repair & utilization of the saphenous vein. Myocardial infarction causes the death of 1 patient. Rate of mortality was 3.40%. Conclusions: Injuries of subclavian and auxiliary vascular have a close association with the neurogenic, injuries of the soft tissues & osseous and early intervention are very necessary to recover these injuries. The better choice of the surgery is conventional method which has a poor status and fulfills the condition of emergency. Keywords: Axillosubclavian, Injury, Intervention, Methodology, Mortality, Stab, Gunfire, Detection, Soft Tissues, Bones, Iatrogenic, Complicated

Differential Image Compression for Telemedicine: A Novel Approach

Telemedicine is one of the most emerging technologies of applied medical sciences. Medical information related to patients is transmitted and stored for references and consultations. Medical images occupy huge space; in order to transmit these images may delay the process of image transmission in critical times. Image compression techniques provide a better solution to combat bandwidth scarcity problems, and transmit same image in a much lower bandwidth requirements, more faster and at the same time maintain quality. In this paper a differential image compression method is developed in which medical images are taken from a wounded patient and are compressed to reduce the bit rate of these images. Results indicate that on average 25% compression on images is achieved with 3.5 MOS taken from medical doctors and other paramedical staff the ultimately user of the images

Problems and Challenges of Internally Displaced Persons in the wake of Operation Zarb-e-Azb: Case Study of District Lakki Marwat

The Operation Zarb-e-Azb was a full-scale operation launched against terrorists and their hideouts in North Waziristan. The operation resulted in massive number of IDP’s displaced from their homes. They settled in many different parts of Pakistan, including Lakki Marwat. They have experienced severe problems and challenges since the time they were displaced from their native area. The most prominent were the homes, food and health as their basic needs and problem. These problems were coupled with a lot of other related problems like hygiene, access to education, loss of property, identity issues, and the problem of assimilation, security threats and a denial of political rights on a general scale. The paper will try to discuss and analyze the level and extent of these problems and the response of the government and other non-government agencies to tackle with these issues. Key Words: Identity, IDP, s, Hygiene, Food, Health, Political right

Revamping Higher Education Research in Pakistan

The world economy has shifted from export of natural resources to Knowledge-Based Economy (KBE) at present. The addition of hi-tech knowledge to finished products has provided impetus to many crippling economies. The role of higher education is very vital in realising this KBE. This is evident from the role that the US and European universities have assumed as business incubators and income generators through intensive industry-university liaison. However, the higher education institutes in Pakistan are still teaching-focussed. The need is to revamp higher education institutions by identifying the impediments in higher education research and exploring ways and means for improving it. The data for this study was collected from 655 faculty members selected from six universities through an open-ended questionnaire. For increasing reliability in the findings, a short semi-structured interview was conducted with 20 research experts. The questionnaire data was quantitatively analysed using percentages while the interviews were thematically analysed for drawing conclusions

Leveraging Tacit Knowledge Sharing Behaviour in Ngos-Run Elementary Schools in Punjab, Pakistan: Investigating the Role of Ethical Climate and Organizational Commitment

The study is conducted to understand the possible relationship of two dimensions of ethical climate vis-a-vis Benevolent Ethical Climate and Principle Ethical Climate with Tacit Knowledge Sharing Behaviour of the employees working in elementary school system run by third sector. In addition, role of Organizational Commitment as a mediator is also studied. The study was cross sectional, while, data was collected from field setting. For testing the proposed model, primary data was collected through questionnaires - developed by scales adopted from different studies. For validity and reliability of the scales, Confirmatory Factor Analysis was run by using AMOS. Whereas, hypotheses were tested through SEM by using AMOS. The study confirmed the mediating role of Organizational Commitment for Principle Ethical Climate and Benevolence Ethical Climate with Tacit Knowledge Sharing Behaviour

SuprasellarArachnoid Cyst as a Cause of Triventricular Hydrocephalus, Found Incidentally During Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy

Background: Arachniod cyst is a rare congenital disorder of the brain accounting 1% of all intracranial masses. They may also be acquired following head trauma, meningitis, tumors or surgery. They may be the cause of triventricular hydrocephalus (TVH). It occupies the third ventricle so flow of CSF is obstructed at aqueduct of Sylvius. Per operatively, it differs from colloid cyst in consistency, its capsule is transparent and blood vessels are visible. Objectives: To determine the frequency of suprasellar arachnoid cyst as cause of triventricular hydrocephalus and outcome of ventriculocystocisternotomy performed for these cysts at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 18 cases who undergone ETV for congenital TVH from January, 2013 to December 2015 at Neurosurgery department LRH was performed. On pre operative CT scan brain they were having triventricular hydrocephalus. Ventriculocysto-cisternotomy was performed in all these cases. Biopsy was taken in all cases. Results: Out of these 18 cases, 11 (61%) were males. The presenting symptoms in our study were that infants presented with increased head circumference (n = 3) 16.6%. In pediatric and middle age group the symptoms were those of elevated ICP (n = 13) 72.22%. No endoscopic complication occurred during the procedure except for clinically non-significant bleeds. We followed all cases for a period of 6 months. Clinical and radiological improvement occurred in all cases. Conclusion: Arachnoid cyst should also be considered as a differential for congenital TVH. Endoscopic Ventriculocystocisternotomy is the treatment option of choice forsuprasellararachnoid cyst.  Abbreviations: TVH: Triventricular Hydrocephalus. CSF: Cerebral Scleral Fluid. ICP: Intracranial Pressure. AC: Arachnoid Cyst. SSCs: Suprasellar arachnoid cysts. VC: Ventriculocystostomy. VCC: Ventriculocystocisternotomy. CT: Computer Tomography